Ladle lining



Aug. 28, 1928.

.J. v. MARSHALL LADLE LINING Filed Dec. 18, 192

/W42. ATTORNEY Patented Aug. 28, 1928.

UNITED TATES PATENT OFFICE.

JAMES V. MARSHALL, OF NEW CASTLE, PENNSYLVANIA, ASSIGNOB TO NEW CASTLEREFRAGTORIES COMPANY, NEW CASTLE, PENNSYLVANIA, A CORPORATION OFDELAWARE.

LADLE Application filed December My present invention relates to ladlesfor handling molten metal, and particularly to the small or moderatesized ladles such as are commonly employed in iron, steel, and

brass foundries to receive molten metal from a melting furnace and tocarry it to, and

pour it into the molds in which the metal is cast.

The general object of the present invention is to provide improvedlinings for ladles of the type referred to. Heretofore it has been theusual practice to line such ladles with fire clay daubed on the innerside of the ladle while the clay is in a moist plastic to condition. Inaccordance with the present invention, ladle linings are formed of partsof suitable refractory material which are shaped to fit the ladles to belined and are hardened by being baked or fired before heing put into theladles in which they are to be used. 7

The use of my improved ladle linings gives important practicaladvantages over the common prior practice of lining ladles by daubingplastic fire clay on the inner walls of the ladle. For example, myimproved linings may be made of less average thickness than the plasticfire clay lining thus giving increased ladle capacity. My improved ladlelinings are much more durable than plastic fire clay linings. Moreover,the improved linings may be put in place and renewed more quickly andeasily than can plastic clay linings, and as soon as the improved liningis put in place in a ladle the latter is ready for use, whereas a ladlelined with plastic clay cannot be put in use until the lining isthoroughly dried.

The various features of novelty which characterize my invention arepointed out with particularity in the claims annexed to and forming apart of this specification. For a better understanding of the inventionhowever, its advantages and specific objects attained with its use,reference should be had to the accompanying drawings and descriptivematter in which I have illustrated and described preferred embodimentsof my invention.

Of the drawings:

Fig. 1 is an elevation in section of a ladle and its linings;

Fig. 2 is a side elevation of the ladle lining shown in Fig. 1;

LINING.

18, 1925. Serial N0." 76,185.

Fig. 3 is a plan view of a ladle lining of modified form;

Fig. 4 is a section on the line -4 of Fig. 3;

Fig. 5 is a plan view of a ladle lining of a third form;

Fig. Gis a section on the line 66 of Fig. 5; and

Fig. 7 is a vertical section of a ladle of still different form.

In Fig. 1 of the drawings I have shown a casting ladle A of conventionaltype lined by a cup shaped body B of suitable refractory material bakedor fired before insertion in the ladle and having its external surfaceshaped to fit snugly against the inner surface of the ladle. The ladlelining B has a rounded bottom to fit against the saucer shaped bottomportion of the ladle A. lVhen the bottom of the ladle to be lined isflat, the lining will have a flat bottom as does the ladle lining shownin Figs. 3 and 4.

Instead of forming the ladle lining in a single piece as shown in Fig.1, it may well be formed in sections of different shapes. For example,as shown in Figs. 3 and 4, the ladle lining is formed by an integraldisc like bottom part b and curved stave portions 7). The ladle liningshown in Figs. 5 and 6, comprises a saucer shaped bottom portion and anupper portion formed by stavelike parts relatively shorter than theparts I) of Figs. 3 and 4. The type of ladle lining shown in Fig. 7comprises a saucer shaped bottom part b, and an upper portion formed byone or more annular sections, two such sections being shown in Fig. 7.

While a one piece ladle lining as shown in Figs. 1 and 2 possesses theadvantage of simplicity and maximum ease of installa tion andreplacement, a ladle lining composed of a few simple sections as shownin Figs. 4 to 7, possesses the practically desirable characteristicsthat the different sections are easy to make and install, and damagedsections may be replaced without the necessity for renewing undamagedsections. Further local irregularities in form of the ladle or thelining are of less consequence with the sectional lining than with theone piece lining.

The joints between the difierent sections may be plain butt joints asshown in Fig. 7 or they may be specially shaped to facilitate thesealing of the joints and to prevent the of a .refractorycement ormortar of suitable composition. A saucer shaped bottom part of hardenedrefractory material such as the part b may sometimes be used to line thebottom portion of a ladle vwhich has .itsupper portion lined with fireclay daubed on the corresponding portion-of the ladle while in a plasticcondition. .A wide range of refractory materials such as fire clay andother refractory clays, magnesite, graphite, mica schist, chrome,silicon carbide, fused alumina, silica, dolomite, and fire sand areavailable for use in the construction of my improved ladle linings. thechoice depending upon cost considerations, the temperature and nature ofthe molten metal handled, and other conditions of use.

lVhile in accordance with the provisions of the statutes, I haveillustrated and described the best form of embodiment of my inventionnow known to me, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art thatchanges maybe made in the form of the apparatus disclosed withoutdeparting from the spirit of my invention as set forth in the appendedHaving now described my invention what I claim as new and desire tosecure by Let- :ters Patent is 1. A ladle lining comprising a cup-shaped:body of hardenedrefractory material adapted to be inserted in and forma lining for a molten metal holding ladle.v

2. A ladle lining comprising a bottom section and curved upper sectionsof hardened refractory material adapted to be assembled into a cup-likestructure.

3. A ladle lining comprising an integral saucer shaped piece of hardenedrefractory material adapted to be inserted in and line the bottomportion of a molten metalholding ladle.

4. A cup-shaped ladle lining comprising an integral saucershaped bottomsection and a separate hollow upper section each formed of hardenedrefractory material.

Signed at New Castle, in the county of Lawrence, and State .ofPennsylvania, this 14th day of December, A. D. 1925.

JAMES V.

